source: branches/f4grobner/polynomial.lisp@ 131

;;; -*-  Mode: Lisp; Package: Maxima; Syntax: Common-Lisp; Base: 10 -*- 
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;;                                                                              
;;;  Copyright (C) 1999, 2002, 2009, 2015 Marek Rychlik <rychlik@u.arizona.edu>          
;;;                                                                              
;;;  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify        
;;;  it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by        
;;;  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or           
;;;  (at your option) any later version.                                         
;;;                                                                              
;;;  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,             
;;;  but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of              
;;;  MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the               
;;;  GNU General Public License for more details.                                
;;;                                                                              
;;;  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License           
;;;  along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software                 
;;;  Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307, USA.  
;;;                                                                              
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;


;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; Polynomials
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

(defstruct (poly
             ;;
             ;; BOA constructor, by default constructs zero polynomial
             (:constructor make-poly-from-termlist (termlist &optional (sugar (termlist-sugar termlist))))
             (:constructor make-poly-zero (&aux (termlist nil) (sugar -1)))
             ;; Constructor of polynomials representing a variable
             (:constructor make-variable (ring nvars pos &optional (power 1)
                                               &aux
                                               (termlist (list
                                                          (make-term-variable ring nvars pos power)))
                                               (sugar power)))
             (:constructor poly-unit (ring dimension
                                           &aux
                                           (termlist (termlist-unit ring dimension))
                                           (sugar 0))))
  (termlist nil :type list)
  (sugar -1 :type fixnum))

;; Leading term
(defmacro poly-lt (p) `(car (poly-termlist ,p)))

;; Second term
(defmacro poly-second-lt (p) `(cadar (poly-termlist ,p)))

;; Leading monomial
(defun poly-lm (p) (term-monom (poly-lt p)))

;; Second monomial
(defun poly-second-lm (p) (term-monom (poly-second-lt p)))

;; Leading coefficient
(defun poly-lc (p) (term-coeff (poly-lt p)))

;; Second coefficient
(defun poly-second-lc (p) (term-coeff (poly-second-lt p)))

;; Testing for a zero polynomial
(defun poly-zerop (p) (null (poly-termlist p)))

;; The number of terms
(defun poly-length (p) (length (poly-termlist p)))

(defun scalar-times-poly (ring c p)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (scalar-times-termlist ring c (poly-termlist p)) (poly-sugar p)))

;; The scalar product omitting the head term
(defun scalar-times-poly-1 (ring c p)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (scalar-times-termlist ring c (cdr (poly-termlist p))) (poly-sugar p)))

(defun monom-times-poly (m p)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (monom-times-termlist m (poly-termlist p)) (+ (poly-sugar p) (monom-sugar m))))

(defun term-times-poly (ring term p)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (term-times-termlist ring term (poly-termlist p)) (+ (poly-sugar p) (term-sugar term))))

(defun poly-add (ring p q)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (termlist-add ring (poly-termlist p) (poly-termlist q)) (max (poly-sugar p) (poly-sugar q))))

(defun poly-sub (ring p q)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (termlist-sub ring (poly-termlist p) (poly-termlist q)) (max (poly-sugar p) (poly-sugar q))))

(defun poly-uminus (ring p)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (termlist-uminus ring (poly-termlist p)) (poly-sugar p)))

(defun poly-mul (ring p q)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (termlist-mul ring (poly-termlist p) (poly-termlist q)) (+ (poly-sugar p) (poly-sugar q))))

(defun poly-expt (ring p n)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (termlist-expt ring (poly-termlist p) n) (* n (poly-sugar p))))

(defun poly-append (&rest plist)
  (make-poly-from-termlist (apply #'append (mapcar #'poly-termlist plist))
                           (apply #'max (mapcar #'poly-sugar plist))))

(defun poly-nreverse (p)
  (setf (poly-termlist p) (nreverse (poly-termlist p)))
  p)

(defun poly-contract (p &optional (k 1))
  (make-poly-from-termlist (termlist-contract (poly-termlist p) k)
                           (poly-sugar p)))

(defun poly-extend (p &optional (m (make-monom 1 :initial-element 0)))
  (make-poly-from-termlist
   (termlist-extend (poly-termlist p) m)
   (+ (poly-sugar p) (monom-sugar m))))

(defun poly-add-variables (p k)
  (setf (poly-termlist p) (termlist-add-variables (poly-termlist p) k))
  p)

(defun poly-list-add-variables (plist k)
  (mapcar #'(lambda (p) (poly-add-variables p k)) plist))

(defun poly-standard-extension (plist &aux (k (length plist)))
  "Calculate [U1*P1,U2*P2,...,UK*PK], where PLIST=[P1,P2,...,PK]."
  (declare (list plist) (fixnum k))
  (labels ((incf-power (g i)
             (dolist (x (poly-termlist g))
               (incf (monom-elt (term-monom x) i)))
             (incf (poly-sugar g))))
    (setf plist (poly-list-add-variables plist k))
    (dotimes (i k plist)
      (incf-power (nth i plist) i))))

(defun saturation-extension (ring f plist &aux (k (length plist)) (d (monom-dimension (poly-lm (car plist)))))
  "Calculate [F, U1*P1-1,U2*P2-1,...,UK*PK-1], where PLIST=[P1,P2,...,PK]."
  (setf f (poly-list-add-variables f k)
        plist (mapcar #'(lambda (x)
                          (setf (poly-termlist x) (nconc (poly-termlist x)
                                                         (list (make-term (make-monom d :initial-element 0)
                                                                          (funcall (ring-uminus ring) (funcall (ring-unit ring)))))))
                          x)
                      (poly-standard-extension plist)))
  (append f plist))


(defun polysaturation-extension (ring f plist &aux (k (length plist))
                                                (d (+ k (length (poly-lm (car plist))))))
  "Calculate [F, U1*P1+U2*P2+...+UK*PK-1], where PLIST=[P1,P2,...,PK]."
  (setf f (poly-list-add-variables f k)
        plist (apply #'poly-append (poly-standard-extension plist))
        (cdr (last (poly-termlist plist))) (list (make-term (make-monom d :initial-element 0)
                                                            (funcall (ring-uminus ring) (funcall (ring-unit ring))))))
  (append f (list plist)))

(defun saturation-extension-1 (ring f p) (polysaturation-extension ring f (list p)))



;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;;
;; Evaluation of polynomial (prefix) expressions
;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

(defun coerce-coeff (ring expr vars)
  "Coerce an element of the coefficient ring to a constant polynomial."
  ;; Modular arithmetic handler by rat
  (make-poly-from-termlist (list (make-term (make-monom (length vars) :initial-element 0)
                                            (funcall (ring-parse ring) expr)))
                           0))

(defun poly-eval (ring expr vars &optional (list-marker '[))
  (labels ((p-eval (arg) (poly-eval ring arg vars))
           (p-eval-list (args) (mapcar #'p-eval args))
           (p-add (x y) (poly-add ring x y)))
    (cond
      ((eql expr 0) (make-poly-zero))
      ((member expr vars :test #'equalp)
       (let ((pos (position expr vars :test #'equalp)))
         (make-variable ring (length vars) pos)))
      ((atom expr)
       (coerce-coeff ring expr vars))
      ((eq (car expr) list-marker)
       (cons list-marker (p-eval-list (cdr expr))))
      (t
       (case (car expr)
         (+ (reduce #'p-add (p-eval-list (cdr expr))))
         (- (case (length expr)
              (1 (make-poly-zero))
              (2 (poly-uminus ring (p-eval (cadr expr))))
              (3 (poly-sub ring (p-eval (cadr expr)) (p-eval (caddr expr))))
              (otherwise (poly-sub ring (p-eval (cadr expr))
                                   (reduce #'p-add (p-eval-list (cddr expr)))))))
         (*
          (if (endp (cddr expr))                ;unary
              (p-eval (cdr expr))
              (reduce #'(lambda (p q) (poly-mul ring p q)) (p-eval-list (cdr expr)))))
         (expt
          (cond
            ((member (cadr expr) vars :test #'equalp)
             ;;Special handling of (expt var pow)
             (let ((pos (position (cadr expr) vars :test #'equalp)))
               (make-variable ring (length vars) pos (caddr expr))))
            ((not (and (integerp (caddr expr)) (plusp (caddr expr))))
             ;; Negative power means division in coefficient ring
             ;; Non-integer power means non-polynomial coefficient
             (coerce-coeff ring expr vars))
            (t (poly-expt ring (p-eval (cadr expr)) (caddr expr)))))
         (otherwise
          (coerce-coeff ring expr vars)))))))

(defun spoly (ring f g)
  "It yields the S-polynomial of polynomials F and G."
  (declare (type poly f g))
  (let* ((lcm (monom-lcm (poly-lm f) (poly-lm g)))
          (mf (monom-div lcm (poly-lm f)))
          (mg (monom-div lcm (poly-lm g))))
    (declare (type monom mf mg))
    (multiple-value-bind (c cf cg)
        (funcall (ring-ezgcd ring) (poly-lc f) (poly-lc g))
      (declare (ignore c))
      (poly-sub 
       ring
       (scalar-times-poly ring cg (monom-times-poly mf f))
       (scalar-times-poly ring cf (monom-times-poly mg g))))))


(defun poly-primitive-part (ring p)
  "Divide polynomial P with integer coefficients by gcd of its
coefficients and return the result."
  (declare (type poly p))
  (if (poly-zerop p)
      (values p 1)
    (let ((c (poly-content ring p)))
      (values (make-poly-from-termlist (mapcar
                          #'(lambda (x)
                              (make-term (term-monom x)
                                         (funcall (ring-div ring) (term-coeff x) c)))
                          (poly-termlist p))
                         (poly-sugar p))
               c))))

(defun poly-content (ring p)
  "Greatest common divisor of the coefficients of the polynomial P. Use the RING structure
to compute the greatest common divisor."
  (declare (type poly p))
  (reduce (ring-gcd ring) (mapcar #'term-coeff (rest (poly-termlist p))) :initial-value (poly-lc p)))